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The largest blood product pharmaceutical company in Italy, Kedrion International GmbH, is our exclusive distributor.
Most traditional food forms, such as tablets, capsules, and oral solutions, release and absorb nutrients or active ingredients quickly in the stomach, after which they are rapidly metabolized by the body. In recent years, controlled-release technologies, originally used in pharmaceuticals, have been applied to dietary supplements. The benefits of controlled-release formulations include:
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It provides sustained therapeutic effects by maintaining the level of active ingredients in the blood.
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It extends the release time of active ingredients.
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Consistent clinical response.
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Convenient to use with better compliance.
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Economic benefits: One capsule is as effective as two or three, making it more cost-effective since one capsule is definitely cheaper than two or three.
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Enhance the bioavailability of the drug.
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Reduce the side effects caused by the instant release of ingredients.
Oral medication is the most commonly used pharmaceutical dosage form:
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Regular tablets
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Uncoated tablet: A tablet without a coating, where the medication dissolves and is absorbed directly in the stomach.
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Lozenge: A medication that is placed in the mouth and slowly dissolves, directly acting on the treatment area, such as throat lozenges.
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Sublingual tablet: Designed for quick absorption through the mucous membranes of the mouth, bypassing the stomach acid to prevent drug degradation. This allows for rapid onset of action in the body. For example: Nitroglycerin sublingual tablets.
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Orally disintegrating tablet (ODT): This type of tablet dissolves quickly in the mouth with a small amount of saliva, which accelerates its absorption. It is not absorbed through the mucous membranes in the mouth but is mainly used for patients who have difficulty swallowing whole tablets or those who resist taking medication.
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Chewable tablet: This type of tablet must be thoroughly chewed in the mouth before swallowing. It is commonly used in pediatric medications and gastrointestinal medications, such as antacids, to accelerate the onset of the drug's effect.
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Capsule dosage form
The capsule dosage form is made with a water-soluble material shell that encloses the medication, making it easier to swallow. Since the capsule fully encases the medication, it prevents any unpleasant taste when taking the medicine. There are two types of capsules: hard capsules and soft capsules.
Hard capsules: The capsule contains powdered or granulated medication. Unless there is a specific need, the capsule should not be opened for consumption.
Soft capsules: The capsule can contain oil-based medications, such as vitamin E or fish oil.
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Special dosage forms
Extended-release tablet:
Some medications have a short duration of action in the body, or to reduce the frequency of dosing and stabilize the drug concentration in the blood. Therefore, some medications use extended-release formulations that slowly release the drug in the body. To achieve this, the following methods are typically used:
〈1〉Using coatings made of different materials allows the medication to release at different times in a sequential manner.
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Using a special material for the outer shell of the medication, various methods can be employed to ensure that the drug is released at a fixed speed within the gastrointestinal tract. This extends the duration of the drug’s effect in the body. However, the outer shell of this type of medication is not digestible or absorbable in the body. Once the drug is absorbed, the remaining shell will be excreted in the feces.
The total amount of the drug in a controlled-release dosage form is typically higher, aiming for a steady and gradual release over a longer period of time. When the dosage form is damaged, all the drug inside will be absorbed by the body immediately. It is important to follow medical instructions when taking such medications to avoid taking too much, which could lead to discomfort.
Enteric-coated oral dosage form:
An enteric-coated oral dosage form involves coating the surface of the drug with a special "enteric coating," preventing the drug from dissolving and releasing in the stomach. Instead, it will only dissolve and release in the slightly alkaline environment of the small intestine. This helps to avoid irritating the gastric and esophageal mucosa or being degraded by stomach acid. These types of drugs should not be taken with antacids, as antacids create an alkaline environment in the stomach, causing the drug to release prematurely and thereby nullifying the effect of the enteric coating. When enteric-coated drugs are crushed or split, they may come into contact with the esophagus and stomach before reaching the intestines, causing discomfort. Additionally, some drugs may be destroyed by stomach acid, leading to reduced efficacy or complete ineffectiveness.